Eyes are the second area to watch. Dachshunds are among the breeds affected by Progressive Retinal Atrophy, an inherited degeneration leading to blindness; there is a DNA test, and responsible breeders test to avoid producing affected pups. Cataracts, dry eye and, in dapples, pupil and iris defects also occur.
Miniature and undersized dachshunds carry a raised risk of patellar luxation — the kneecap slipping out of its groove, causing a skipping gait. Mild cases are managed; severe ones need surgery.
Teeth, weight and skin
The long, narrow muzzle crowds the teeth, and dachshunds accumulate tartar and periodontal disease readily. Daily brushing and regular professional cleaning genuinely extend both comfort and life.
Obesity is almost a breed epidemic and it worsens everything else — the back, the joints, the heart. Colour-linked skin problems (Colour Dilution Alopecia in blues and Isabellas) and Acanthosis nigricans, a darkening and thickening of the skin folds, round out the common list.
Hormonal and other conditions
Hypothyroidism is common in middle age and shows first as coat and skin changes, weight gain and lethargy; it is easily treated once diagnosed. Cushing's disease turns up in older dogs. Epilepsy occurs in some lines.
Rarer but documented: Lafora disease (a late-onset inherited epilepsy in wirehaired minis, with a DNA test), and osteogenesis imperfecta or "brittle bone" in certain lines, also DNA-testable. When choosing a breeder, ask which of these tests they run.
